2014-2-PHI110-02: Difference between revisions

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: Any of a group of peptide hormones found in the brain that act as neurotransmitters and have properties similar to morphine.
: Any of a group of peptide hormones found in the brain that act as neurotransmitters and have properties similar to morphine.
: A neurochemical occurring naturally in the brain and having analgesic properties.
: A neurochemical occurring naturally in the brain and having analgesic properties.
;[https://www.wordnik.com/words/processional processional]
: Of, relating to, or suitable for a procession.
: A book containing the rituals observed during a religious procession.
: Music A piece played or sung when the clergy enter a church at the beginning of a service.
: Music Music intended to be played or sung during a procession.

Revision as of 23:35, 17 June 2014

Studying 2014/2 PHI110: Philosophy, Morality and Society. Week 2. Undertaken Study Period 2, 2014. Content is quoted and/or summarised from the university website in fair dealing for purpose of research or study. See also: StudyWISE and AIMS.

Epicurus (341-271 BCE) was one of the most influential philosophers of the Hellenistic period. He studied the philosophies of Democritus and Plato, and founded his own philosophical school (“The Garden”), a self-sufficient commune near Athens. Epicurus' ethics (like other systems of ethical thought) are shaped by his views on what the universe is like, and what we humans are. This week, we will examine the Epicurean conception of 'the good life'.

Epicurean Ethics

Lectures

Notes

Questions

Readings

Answers

TODO: answer the reading questions.

Activities

Work

TODO

Things to do, most important on top:

Done

Things that are done, most recent on top:

Vocabulary

hedonism
pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the pleasures of the senses.
hedone
An English transliteration of a Greek word meaning pleasure.
gourmand
A person given to excess in the consumption of food and drink; a greedy or ravenous eater.
metaphysics
The branch of philosophy that examines the nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter, substance and attribute, fact and value.
monad
An indivisible, impenetrable unit of substance viewed as the basic constituent element of physical reality in the metaphysics of Leibniz.
atomism
The ancient theory of Democritus, Epicurus, and Lucretius, according to which simple, minute, indivisible, and indestructible particles are the basic components of the entire universe.
A theory according to which social institutions, values, and processes arise solely from the acts and interests of individuals, who thus constitute the only true subject of analysis.
materialism
The theory that physical matter is the only reality and that everything, including thought, feeling, mind, and will, can be explained in terms of matter and physical phenomena.
The theory or attitude that physical well-being and worldly possessions constitute the greatest good and highest value in life.
matter
Something that occupies space and can be perceived by one or more senses; a physical body, a physical substance, or the universe as a whole.
void
Containing no matter; empty.
pantheon
All the gods of a people considered as a group.
ideal
A conception of something in its absolute perfection.
Existing only in the mind; imaginary.
Lacking practicality or the possibility of realisation.
fate
The supposed force, principle, or power that predetermines events.
The inevitable events predestined by this force.
tragedy
A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavourable circumstances.
epicurean
Devoted to the pursuit of sensual pleasure, especially to the enjoyment of good food and comfort.
atheist
One who disbelieves or denies the existence of God or gods.
epistemology
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity.
empiricism
The view that experience, especially of the senses, is the only source of knowledge.
A pursuit of knowledge purely through experience, especially by means of observation and sometimes by experimentation.
audit
An examination of records or financial accounts to check their accuracy.
An examination in general.
thanatophobia
Fear of death.
emperia
A Greek word meaning "experience".
cosmos
The universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious whole.
dispel
To rid one's mind of: managed to dispel my doubts.
mortal
Liable or subject to death.
fossil
A remnant or trace of an organism of a past geologic age, such as a skeleton or leaf imprint, embedded and preserved in the earth's crust.
mortal coil
The chaos and confusion of life.
The physical body of man (containing the spirit inside).
mind
The human consciousness that originates in the brain and is manifested especially in thought, perception, emotion, will, memory, and imagination.
The collective conscious and unconscious processes in a sentient organism that direct and influence mental and physical behaviour.
The principle of intelligence; the spirit of consciousness regarded as an aspect of reality.
The faculty of thinking, reasoning, and applying knowledge: Follow your mind, not your heart.
body
The entire material or physical structure of an organism, especially of a human or animal.
The physical part of a person.
consciousness
A sense of one's personal or collective identity, including the attitudes, beliefs, and sensitivities held by or considered characteristic of an individual or group: Love of freedom runs deep in the national consciousness.
disintegrate
To become reduced to components, fragments, or particles.
To lose cohesion or unity: pressures that cause families to disintegrate.
sense
Any of the faculties by which stimuli from outside or inside the body are received and felt, as the faculties of hearing, sight, smell, touch, taste, and equilibrium.
A perception or feeling produced by a stimulus; sensation: a sense of fatigue and hunger.
The faculties of sensation as means of providing physical gratification and pleasure.
An intuitive or acquired perception or ability to estimate: a sense of diplomatic timing.
A capacity to appreciate or understand: a keen sense of humour.
A vague feeling or presentiment: a sense of impending doom.
Recognition or perception either through the senses or through the intellect; consciousness: has no sense of shame.
Natural understanding or intelligence, especially in practical matters: The boy had sense and knew just what to do when he got lost.
The normal ability to think or reason soundly. Often used in the plural: Have you taken leave of your senses?
Something sound or reasonable: There's no sense in waiting three hours.
A meaning that is conveyed, as in speech or writing; signification: The sense of the novel is the inevitability of human tragedy.
To become aware of; perceive.
To grasp; understand.
rational
Having or exercising the ability to reason.
Of sound mind; sane.
Consistent with or based on reason; logical: rational behaviour.
Capable of reasoning.
Logically sound; not contradictory or otherwise absurd.
Healthy or balanced intellectually; exhibiting reasonableness.
A rational number: a number that can be expressed as the quotient of two integers.
rarefied
Belonging to or reserved for a small select group; esoteric.
Elevated in character or style; lofty.
Less dense than usual; having low density.
Of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style.
reality
The quality or state of being actual or true.
One, such as a person, an entity, or an event, that is actual.
The totality of all things possessing actuality, existence, or essence.
That which exists objectively and in fact.
An individual observer's own subjective perception of that which is real.
soul
The animating and vital principle in humans, credited with the faculties of thought, action, and emotion and often conceived as an immaterial entity.
The spiritual nature of humans, regarded as immortal, separable from the body at death, and susceptible to happiness or misery in a future state.
The disembodied spirit of a dead human.
A human.
The central or integral part; the vital core.
A person considered as the perfect embodiment of an intangible quality; a personification: I am the very soul of discretion.
A person's emotional or moral nature.
The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality. Often believed to live on after the person's death.
The spirit or essence of anything.
immaterial
Of no importance or relevance; inconsequential or irrelevant.
Having no material body or form.
Having no matter or substance.
Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; spiritual; disembodied.
Of no substantial consequence; without weight or significance; unimportant.
dimension
A measure of spatial extent, especially width, height, or length.
Extent or magnitude; scope. Often used in the plural: a problem of alarming dimensions.
Aspect; element.
Mathematics The least number of independent coordinates required to specify uniquely the points in a space.
Mathematics The range of such a coordinate.
Physics A physical property, such as mass, length, time, or a combination thereof, regarded as a fundamental measure or as one of a set of fundamental measures of a physical quantity: Velocity has the dimensions of length divided by time.
A single aspect of a given thing.
A construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished.
Any of the independent ranges of indices in a multidimensional array.
realm
A community or territory over which a sovereign rules; a kingdom.
A field, sphere, or province: the realm of science.
An abstract sphere of influence, real or imagined.
The domain of a certain abstraction.
finite
Having bounds; limited: a finite list of choices; our finite fossil fuel reserves.
Existing, persisting, or enduring for a limited time only; impermanent.
Mathematics Being neither infinite nor infinitesimal.
Mathematics Having a positive or negative numerical value; not zero.
happiness
The emotion of being happy; joy.
Good luck; good fortune; prosperity.
An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended with enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.
propitious
Presenting favourable circumstances; auspicious.
Kindly; gracious.
felicity
Great happiness; bliss.
A cause or source of happiness.
An appropriate and pleasing manner or style: felicity of expression.
auspicious
Attended by favourable circumstances; propitious: an auspicious time to ask for a raise in salary.
Marked by success; prosperous.
altruism
Unselfish concern for the welfare of others; selflessness.
Zoology Instinctive behavior that is detrimental to the individual but favors the survival or spread of that individual's genes, as by benefiting its relatives.
Regard for others, both natural and moral; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness; – opposed to egoism or selfishness.
subjective
Proceeding from or taking place in a person's mind rather than the external world: a subjective decision.
Particular to a given person; personal: subjective experience.
Moodily introspective.
Existing only in the mind; illusory.
Psychology Existing only within the experiencer's mind.
Pertaining to subjects as opposed to objects (A subject is one who perceives or is aware; an object is the thing perceived or the thing that the subject is aware of.)
Formed, as in opinions, based upon a person's feelings or intuition, not upon observation or reasoning; coming more from within the observer than from observations of the external environment.
Resulting from or pertaining to personal mindsets or experience, arising from perceptive mental conditions within the brain and not necessarily from external stimuli.
Lacking in reality or substance.
Experienced by a person mentally and not directly verifiable by others.
objective
Of or having to do with a material object.
Having actual existence or reality.
Uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices: an objective critic.
Based on observable phenomena; presented factually: an objective appraisal.
Something that actually exists.
Something worked toward or striven for; a goal.
truth
Conformity to fact or actuality.
A statement proven to be or accepted as true.
Sincerity; integrity.
Fidelity to an original or standard.
Reality; actuality.
That which is considered to be the supreme reality and to have the ultimate meaning and value of existence.
pleasure
The state or feeling of being pleased or gratified.
pain
An unpleasant sensation occurring in varying degrees of severity as a consequence of injury, disease, or emotional disorder.
Suffering or distress.
consequence
Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition.
The relation of a result to its cause.
A logical conclusion or inference.
That which follows something on which it depends; that which is produced by a cause.
consequentialism
Consequentialism is the class of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgement about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct.
normative
Of, relating to, or prescribing a norm or standard: normative grammar.
Giving directives or rules; prescriptive. Opposed to descriptive.
Based on or prescribing a norm or standard.
feeling
The sensation involving perception by touch.
A physical sensation: a feeling of warmth.
An affective state of consciousness, such as that resulting from emotions, sentiments, or desires: experienced a feeling of excitement.
An awareness or impression: He had the feeling that he was being followed.
An emotional state or disposition; an emotion: expressed deep feeling.
Opinion based more on emotion than on reason; sentiment.
eschew
To avoid; shun.
choice
The act of choosing; selection.
The power, right, or liberty to choose; option.
One that is chosen.
A number or variety from which to choose: a wide choice of styles and colours.
The best or most preferable part.
An alternative.
Of very fine quality.
aversion
A fixed, intense dislike; repugnance: formed an aversion to crowds.
The cause or object of such a feeling.
The avoidance of a thing, situation, or behavior because it has been associated with an unpleasant or painful stimulus.
good
Wow, look at all the definitions for 'good'!
bad
Similarly, look at all the definitions for 'bad'!
gauge
A standard or scale of measurement.
A standard dimension, quantity, or capacity.
An instrument for measuring or testing.
To measure precisely.
To determine the capacity, volume, or contents of.
To evaluate or judge: gauge a person's ability.
constituent
Serving as part of a whole; component: a constituent element.
Empowered to elect or designate.
Authorized to make or amend a constitution: a constituent assembly.
endorphin
Any of a group of peptide hormones that bind to opiate receptors and are found mainly in the brain. Endorphins reduce the sensation of pain and affect emotions.
Any of a group of peptide hormones found in the brain that act as neurotransmitters and have properties similar to morphine.
A neurochemical occurring naturally in the brain and having analgesic properties.
processional
Of, relating to, or suitable for a procession.
A book containing the rituals observed during a religious procession.
Music A piece played or sung when the clergy enter a church at the beginning of a service.
Music Music intended to be played or sung during a procession.
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