4000-Series

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Buffered Unbuffered Function Note
CD4001B CD4001UB Quad 2-input NOR you can build anything from NORs
CD4007UB Complementary MOSFET Pair Array great for analog circuits
CD4011B CD4011UB Quad 2-input NAND you can build anything from NANDs
CD4012B Dual 4-input NAND
CD4013B Dual D Flip-Flop
CD4015B Dual 4-bit Shift Register
CD4016B Quad Bilateral Analog Switch
CD4017B Decade Counter with 10 Decoded Outputs Popular for LED chasers
CD4019B Quad 2-Channel Multiplexer (4× 2:1 MUX) Quad AND/OR Select Gate
CD4023B Triple 3-input NAND
CD4026B Counter with Built-in 7-segment Driver Counts 0–9 and directly drives an LED segment display
CD4027B Dual J–K Master–Slave Flip-Flop
CD4028B BCD to Decimal (1-of-10) Decoder
CD4029B Binary/Decade Up/Down Counter Does nearly everything a general-purpose counter should do
CD4030B Quad 2-input XOR Useful for parity, clocks, phase detectors
CD4035B Quad Shift Register
CD4040B 12-stage Binary Ripple Counter
CD4046B PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) with VCO
CD4047B Monostable/Astable Multivibrator sometimes called a one-shot / oscillator
CD4049UB Hex Inverter / Level Shifter / Buffer
CD4050B Hex Non-Inverting / Level Shifter / Buffer
CD4051B 8-channel Analog Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
CD4052B Dual 4-channel Analog/Differential Mux/Demux
CD4053B Triple SPDT Analog Switch
CD4060B Oscillator + 14-stage Binary Counter A 40106 + 4040 in one package
CD4066B Quad Bilateral Analog Switch The simplest analog switch
CD4068B Single 8-Input NAND
CD4069UB Hex inverter General-purpose CMOS inverters
CD4070B Quad 2-Input XOR
CD4071B Quad 2-input OR
CD4072B Dual 4-input OR
CD4081B Quad 2-input AND
CD4511B 7-segment Display BCD Driver
CD4553 3-Digit BCD Counter with Latches
CD40106B Hex Schmitt-trigger inverter good for oscillators

ChatGPT

I asked ChatGPT: please tell me about 4000 series logic.

The 4000-series logic family is a classic range of CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) digital ICs introduced by RCA in the late 1960s. They are still widely used today, especially in hobbyist electronics, low-power devices, and mixed-signal glue logic.

Below is a thorough overview.

Overview

The 4000 series (often written as CD4000, MC14000, HEF4000, etc.) is a family of CMOS logic ICs that provide:

  • Very wide supply voltage range; Typically 3 V to 15 V, some up to 18 V
  • Extremely low power consumption (pico-amps to micro-amps when static)
  • High noise immunity
  • Slow but flexible switching speeds
  • A huge variety of functional building blocks

This differs from the 74xx TTL and 74HCxx families, which typically run at 5 V and are much faster but consume more power.

Historical Context

RCA launched the family with the idea of “universal logic” that could run directly from battery voltages, 12 V systems, or analog control circuits. Because of this, 4000-series chips appeared in:

  • Consumer appliances
  • Automotive electronics
  • Alarm systems
  • Toys
  • Early calculators
  • Analog/digital hybrid circuits

Today, they’re commonly used in hobby electronics, synthesizers, and simple digital control systems.

Electrical Characteristics

Supply Voltage (VDD)

Most parts operate from 3 V to 15 V; some support 18 V max (e.g., CD4007 transistors).

Input/Output Levels

Because they are CMOS, the logic thresholds scale with VDD:

  • At 5 V, logic high ≈ 3.5 V, low < 1.5 V
  • At 10 V, thresholds are even higher

Input Impedance

Extremely high (often 10¹² Ω). This means:

  • ✔ Can interface directly with analog sensors, switches
  • ✘ Inputs must not float (always use pull-ups/pull-downs)

Output Drive

Weak compared to TTL/HC:

  • Can source/sink a few mA at most
  • Often less than 1 mA at high VDD

Speed

Slower than 74HC/74LS:

  • Propagation delays often 100–300 ns at 5 V
  • Faster at 10–15 V
  • Still much slower than modern logic families

Noise Immunity

Excellent, especially at higher supply voltages.

Common 4000-Series Parts (Representative List)

Basic logic

  • CD4011 — quad 2-input NAND
  • CD4001 — quad 2-input NOR
  • CD40106 — hex Schmitt-trigger inverter
  • CD4069 — hex inverter
  • CD4071 — OR gates
  • CD4081 — AND gates
  • CD4030 — XOR gates

Counters & registers

  • CD4017 — decade counter with 10 decoded outputs; (Popular for LED chasers)
  • CD4029 — up/down binary/decade counter
  • CD4040 — 12-stage binary ripple counter
  • CD4015 — dual 4-bit shift register
  • CD4035 — quad shift register
  • Analog/digital hybrid
  • CD4066 — quad bilateral analog switch
  • CD4053 — triple SPDT analog switch
  • CD4051 — 8-channel analog multiplexer/demultiplexer
  • CD4052 — 4-channel differential mux/demux
  • CD4046 — PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) with VCO
  • CD40106 — Schmitt trigger, good for oscillators

Miscellaneous special parts

  • CD4028 — BCD-to-decimal decoder
  • CD4511 — 7-segment display driver
  • CD4013 — dual D flip-flop
  • CD4026 — counter with built-in 7-segment driver
  • CD4007 — discrete MOSFET arrays (great for analog circuits)

Advantages

  • Runs from a wide voltage range (3–15 V)
  • Extremely low static power
  • High noise immunity
  • Analog-friendly (many chips double as analog switches)
  • Available in through-hole (DIP) packages
  • Cheap and widely available
  • Ideal for battery-powered or 12 V systems

Disadvantages

  • Slow propagation times
  • Weak output drive
  • Easily damaged by static discharge
  • Input thresholds depend on VDD (not TTL-compatible unless powered at 5 V with care)
  • Some parts are quirky compared to 74HC equivalents

When to Choose 4000-Series Over 74xx?

Choose 4000-series when you need:

  • Operation above 5 V (e.g., 12 V automotive, 9 V battery, ± analog systems)
  • Very low power consumption
  • High input impedance
  • Analog switches or mixed-signal glue logic
  • Simplicity and noise immunity more than speed

Use 74HC family instead when you need:

  • Speed (tens of MHz)
  • TTL-compatible thresholds
  • Better output drive current

A Few Fun Notes

  • The CD40106 Schmitt inverter is famous as “the hobbyist oscillator chip.”
  • The CD4017 has been in more “LED chaser” projects than any other IC.
  • The CD4007 can be wired into analog amplifiers, ring oscillators, and tiny CMOS logic blocks—effectively a poor man’s transistor-level CMOS kit.
  • Because the thresholds scale with VDD, you can use 4000-series parts to interpret analog voltages directly as logic.

✅ 1. Essential 4000-Series Chips for a Hobbyist Toolkit

Below is a practical list of 4000-series CMOS chips worth keeping in a hobbyist toolkit, followed by their closest 74HC equivalents (when they exist).

The list is curated for usefulness, versatility, and availability — and avoids obscure or redundant parts.

These are the chips you’ll actually reach for in real circuits: oscillators, counters, decoders, flip-flops, and analog switches.

A. Basic Logic & Schmitt Trigger Parts

CD40106 — Hex Schmitt-trigger inverter

Your “Swiss Army knife” for:

  • Oscillators
  • Debouncing
  • Wave shapers
  • Level detectors

74HC equivalent: 74HC14

CD4069 — Hex inverter

General-purpose CMOS inverters.

Good for:

  • Winding your own analog amplifiers (yes, really)
  • RC oscillators
  • Logic glue

74HC equivalent: 74HC04

CD4011 — Quad NAND

NAND is functionally complete — you can build anything from NANDs.

74HC equivalent: 74HC00

CD4001 — Quad NOR

NOR is also universal.

74HC equivalent: 74HC02

CD4081 — Quad AND

74HC equivalent: 74HC08

CD4071 — Quad OR

74HC equivalent: 74HC32

CD4030 — Quad XOR

Useful for parity, clocks, phase detectors.

74HC equivalent: 74HC86

B. Flip-Flops, Counters & Timers

CD4013 — Dual D flip-flop

Extremely versatile:

  • Toggle flip-flop (T-FF)
  • Edge detection
  • Frequency division by 2

74HC equivalent: 74HC74

CD4040 — 12-stage binary ripple counter

A simple “counter to the moon.”

  • Divide frequencies down by huge factors
  • Great in frequency synthesizers, clocks, instruments

Closest 74HC equivalent: 74HC4040 (direct drop-in)

CD4060 — Oscillator + 14-stage binary counter

A 40106 + 4040 in one package.

  • One resistor + one capacitor = crystal-free oscillator
  • Built-in 14-stage divider
  • Great for timing circuits, clocks, long delays

74HC equivalent: 74HC4060

CD4017 — Decade counter / 10 decoded outputs

The classic “LED chaser” chip.

  • Running lights
  • Step sequencing
  • Position selection
  • Frequency division by 10

No exact 74HC equivalent.

Closest: 74HC4017 (but not always stocked).

TTL 74xx family has no true decoded-decade counter.

CD4026 — 7-segment counter/driver

Counts 0–9 and directly drives an LED segment display.

No close 74HC equivalent.

CD4029 — Binary/decade up/down counter

Does nearly everything a general-purpose counter should do.

Closest 74HC equivalent: 74HC193 (binary only)

No HC support for programmable decade/binary in one chip.

C. Decoders & Multiplexers

CD4028 — BCD to decimal (1-of-10) decoder

74HC equivalent: 74HC42 (close, not identical pinout) or 74HC4514 / 74HC4515 (4-to-16 decoders depending on needs)

CD4511 — 7-segment display BCD driver

74HC equivalent: None.

Closest TTL is 7447/7448, but they operate differently.

CD4051 — 8-channel analog multiplexer

Great for:

  • Selecting sensors
  • Reading analog signals on MCUs
  • Audio routing

74HC equivalent: 74HC4051 (direct)

CD4052 — Dual 4-channel analog mux

74HC equivalent: 74HC4052

CD4053 — Triple SPDT analog switch

74HC equivalent: 74HC4053

CD4066 — Quad bilateral analog switch

The simplest analog switch.

74HC equivalent: 74HC4066

D. Mixed-Signal “Specialty” Chips

CD4046 — PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) with VCO

Hugely flexible:

  • FM modulation
  • Tone decoders
  • Frequency synthesis
  • Lock-in detection

74HC equivalent: 74HC4046

CD4007 — Complementary MOSFET pair array

A very fun chip:

  • Build your own CMOS logic at transistor level
  • Amplifiers
  • Analog switches
  • VCOs
  • Experimental circuits

No 74HC equivalent (74HC is full logic gates, no transistor-array chip).

🎯 Recommended Minimal “Hobbyist Kit”

If you want a compact but powerful selection:

Logic & timing:

  • CD40106 (Schmitt inverter)
  • CD4069 (regular inverter)
  • CD4011 (NAND)
  • CD4013 (D flip-flop)
  • CD4060 (oscillator + counter)
  • CD4040 (12-stage counter)

Counters & display:

  • CD4017 (decade with decoded outputs)
  • CD4026 (7-seg counter/driver)

Multiplexers & analog switching

  • CD4051
  • CD4052
  • CD4053
  • CD4066

Misc

  • CD4046 (PLL/VCO)
  • CD4007 (MOSFET array)

This fits in one small organiser box and can implement a huge variety of circuits: clocks, oscillators, sequencers, filters, decoders, metronomes, synth modules, timers, LFOs, measurement instruments, etc.

📌 Notes on 4000 vs 74HC Compatibility

74HC operates at 2–6 V (typically 5 V)

4000-series can run 3–15 V.

Input thresholds differ

  • A 4000-series input at 5 V has ~3.5 V threshold
  • A 74HC input at 5 V has TTL-like thresholds (~2.0 V)

Direct interfacing

  • 74HC → 4000: OK at 5 V
  • 4000 → 74HC: Sometimes not OK unless VDD is 5 V; Because logic-high from CMOS at 5 V may not reach the required VIH(min) for HC at speed.

But most hobby circuits don’t push limits.

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